Metallurgical engineering studies the extraction of metals from ore and the working of those metals into a finished form with the properties an application needs, spanning the pyrometallurgy and electrometallurgy of primary extraction, alloy design, and the casting, forging and heat-treatment processes that set a metal's final grain structure and strength. The production of ferrous metals accounts for about ninety-five percent of world metal production, with non-ferrous metallurgy covering every other metal and alloy system. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Facts
Origin YearMarks the founding of Columbia University's School of Mines in 1864, among the earliest dedicated US mining and metallurgy engineering programs, as the point the practice formalized into an academic engineering discipline; metalworking itself is millennia older. Core ConcernFreeing metal from ore and controlling its internal structure, through smelting, alloying, casting, forging and heat treatment, to obtain the strength, hardness or ductility a specific use requires. 1 Core PrincipleFree metal from ore and control its internal grain structure through smelting, alloying, casting, forging and heat treatment to obtain the strength, hardness or ductility a specific use requires. 1 FAQs
Is metallurgical engineering a separate profession from materials engineering today?
The two are closely related and many university programs have merged them into a single materials science and engineering degree, but metallurgical engineering remains the name used for the specialization that focuses specifically on metals, freeing them from ore and controlling their internal grain structure through smelting, alloying, casting, forging and heat treatment. A metallurgical engineer typically works in mining, primary metal production or metal manufacturing, while a materials engineer more broadly might work with ceramics, polymers or composites instead.
Connections
Associated With
Source Amorphous Metal (Wikipedia)
Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
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Quenching, Methods Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Rolling, Methods Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Tempering, Methods Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Includes
Source William Champion (Grace's Guide)
Source Wootz steel - Wikipedia
Showing 51 to 52 of 52 in Includes, page 2 of 2.
Open Questions
Source William Kelly (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Sources
1. Metallurgy (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationLead section
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys.
Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy paragraph, production-share sentence
The production of ferrous metals accounts for 95% of world metal production.
- In Group: Materials and Metallurgical Engineering
View the Source Henry Bessemer (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Henry BessemerView the Source Henry Clifton Sorby (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Henry Clifton SorbyView the Source Adolf Martens (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Adolf MartensView the Source Amorphous Metal (Wikipedia)
WikipediaAssociated With: Amorphous Metal, Lead sectionQuote, Associated With: Amorphous Metal, Lead section
Batches of amorphous steel with three times the strength of conventional steel alloys have been produced.
Tempering (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Tempering, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Tempering, Categories
Metal heat treatments
Electro-slag remelting (Wikipedia)
Includes: Electroslag Remelting, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Electroslag Remelting, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Quenching (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Quenching, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Quenching, Categories
Metal heat treatments
Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Basic Oxygen Steelmaking, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Basic Oxygen Steelmaking, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Kroll process (Wikipedia)
Includes: Kroll Process, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Kroll Process, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Cementation process, Wikipedia
Includes: Cementation Process, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Cementation Process, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Bayer process, Wikipedia
Includes: Bayer Process, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Bayer Process, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Gold cyanidation, Wikipedia
Includes: Gold Cyanidation, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Gold Cyanidation, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Parkes process, Wikipedia
Includes: Parkes Process, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Parkes Process, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Miller process, Wikipedia
Includes: Miller Process, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Miller Process, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Wootz steel - Wikipedia
Includes: Wootz Steel, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Wootz Steel, Categories
Steels
Tatara (furnace) - Wikipedia
Includes: Tatara, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Tatara, Categories
Steelmaking
Bloomery, Wikipedia
Includes: Bloomery, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Bloomery, Categories
Metallurgical furnaces
Damascus steel, Wikipedia
Includes: Damascus Steel, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Damascus Steel, Categories
Steelmaking
Open-Hearth Furnace (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Open Hearth Process, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Open Hearth Process, Categories
Metallurgical furnaces
Puddling (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Puddling Process, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Puddling Process, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Crucible steel - Wikipedia
Includes: Huntsman Process, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Huntsman Process, Categories
Steelmaking
Blast Furnace (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Blast Furnace, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Blast Furnace, Categories
Metallurgy
Electrowinning - Wikipedia
Includes: Electrolytic Refining, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Includes: Electrowinning, Categories
Metallurgical processes
View the SourceFroth flotation - Wikipedia
Includes: Froth Flotation, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Froth Flotation, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Vacuum arc remelting, Wikipedia
Includes: Vacuum Arc Remelting, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Vacuum Arc Remelting, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Argon oxygen decarburization, Wikipedia
Includes: Argon Oxygen Decarburization, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Argon Oxygen Decarburization, Categories
Steelmaking
Cupellation, Wikipedia
Includes: Cupellation, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Cupellation, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Direct reduced iron, Wikipedia
Includes: Direct Reduction Process, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Direct Reduction Process, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Steelmaking - Wikipedia
Includes: Ladle Metallurgy, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Ladle Metallurgy, Categories
Steelmaking
Wikipedia: Nitriding
Includes: Nitriding, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Nitriding, Categories
Metal heat treatments
Vacuum induction melting, Wikipedia
Includes: Vacuum Induction Melting, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Vacuum Induction Melting, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Pattern welding, Wikipedia
Includes: Pattern Welding, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Pattern Welding, Categories
Steelmaking
Differential heat treatment (Wikipedia)
Includes: Differential Hardening, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Differential Hardening, Categories
Metal heat treatments
Patio process, Wikipedia
Includes: Patio Process, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Patio Process, Categories
Metallurgical processes
Roasting (metallurgy) - Wikipedia
Includes: Roasting (Metallurgy), CategoriesQuote, Includes: Roasting (Metallurgy), Categories
Metallurgical processes
Carburizing - Wikipedia
Includes: Carburizing, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Carburizing, Categories
Metal heat treatments
Continuous Casting (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Continuous Casting, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Continuous Casting, Categories
Casting
Thermite, Wikipedia
Includes: Thermite Process, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Thermite Process, Categories
Welding
Malleable iron, Wikipedia
Includes: Malleable Iron, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Malleable Iron, Categories
Cast iron
Case-hardening (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Case Hardening, Lead section
Case-hardening or carburization is the process of introducing carbon to the surface of a low-carbon iron, or more commonly a low-carbon steel object, to harden the surface.
Includes: Flame Hardening, Lead section
Case-hardening or carburization is the process of introducing carbon to the surface of a low-carbon iron, or more commonly a low-carbon steel object, to harden the surface.
View the Source Hall-Heroult process (Wikipedia)
Includes: Hall-Heroult Process, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Hall-Heroult Process, Lead section
The Hall-Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium.
Sherardising, Wikipedia
Includes: Sherardizing, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Sherardizing, Lead section
The process is named after British metallurgist Sherard Osborn Cowper-Coles (son of naval inventor Cowper Phipps Coles) who invented and patented the method c. 1900.
Mond process, Wikipedia
Includes: Mond Process, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Mond Process, Introduction
The Mond process, sometimes known as the carbonyl process, is a technique created by Ludwig Mond in 1890, to extract and purify nickel.
Bessemer Process (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Bessemer Process, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Bessemer Process, Introduction
The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace.
Heap leaching (Wikipedia)
Includes: Heap Leaching, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Heap Leaching, Introduction
Heap leaching is an industrial mining process used to extract precious metals, copper, uranium, and other compounds from ore using a series of chemical reactions that absorb specific minerals and re-separate them after their division from other earth materials.
Induction hardening (Wikipedia)
Includes: Induction Hardening, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Induction Hardening, Introduction
Induction hardening is a type of surface hardening in which a metal part is induction-heated and then quenched.
Shot peening - Wikipedia
Includes: Shot Peening, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Shot Peening, Introduction
Shot peening is a cold working process used to produce a compressive residual stress layer and modify the mechanical properties of metals and composites.
Henry Cort (Wikipedia)
Includes: Henry Cort, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Henry Cort, Introduction
During the Industrial Revolution in England, Cort began refining iron from pig iron to wrought iron (or bar iron) using innovative production systems.
William Champion (Grace's Guide)
Includes: William Champion, BiographyQuote, Includes: William Champion, Biography
After 6 years of work, he succeeded in developing a process for the large-scale commercial production of zinc from calamine.
Open Questions (1 open question)
Should Henry Bessemer or William Kelly be credited with inventing the pneumatic steelmaking process that founded modern metallurgical engineering, given that Kelly began experimenting before Bessemer filed his patent, yet went largely unrecognized?
Kelly experimented with injecting air into molten iron in the early 1850s, before Bessemer patented a similar process in 1855; after a financial panic in 1857, a company that had already licensed the Bessemer process purchased the Kelly patents outright and licensed both under the Bessemer name, and the documented record states that the role Kelly played in the invention has remained far less known.
What would resolve this A settled historical account weighing the timing of independent invention against the commercial and patent outcomes that decided which name attached to the process.
History of TechnologyWikipedia contributors, William Kelly (Wikipedia)
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