JavaScript

JavaScript is a high-level scripting language created by the American programmer Brendan Eich for Netscape Communications, who wrote its first working implementation in just ten days in May 1995 for the Netscape Navigator browser, where it was originally called Mocha and then LiveScript before Netscape renamed it JavaScript to capitalize on the popularity of Sun Microsystems' unrelated Java language. Netscape submitted the language to the standards body Ecma International in 1996, which published its standardized specification as ECMAScript the following year, giving competing browser makers a common target to implement. Designed originally to let web pages validate forms and respond to simple user actions without a round trip to the server, JavaScript became the only scripting language every major web browser runs natively, and the later Node.js runtime, released in 2009, extended it from browser pages onto web servers, making it one of the most widely used programming languages in the world.