Total hip replacement, or total hip arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure that replaces the hip joint with a prosthetic implant, substituting artificial components for both the acetabulum, the hip socket, and the femoral head, the ball at the top of the thigh bone; the operation is most often performed to relieve arthritis pain or to treat certain hip fractures. The British surgeon Sir John Charnley developed the modern low-friction design at Wrightington Hospital in England in 1962, combining a stainless steel femoral stem and head, a polyethylene socket component and bone cement to fix the parts in place, a combination that came to dominate the field by the 1970s. Hip replacement is today among the most frequently performed orthopedic operations, and roughly 58 percent of replacements are still functioning 25 years after surgery.
Facts
SignificanceFor over two decades the Charnley Low Friction Arthroplasty and its derivative designs were the most used hip replacement systems in the world, and Charnley's combination of a metal and polyethylene bearing fixed with bone cement formed the basis for all modern hip implants. 1 FAQs
Why did Charnley's hip replacement succeed where earlier ones had failed?
Earlier replacements caused pain and lubricated the joint poorly; Charnley paired a thick plastic socket with a small, highly polished metal ball.
Earlier hip replacements generally resulted in pain, because of pressure on nerves in the hip socket and poor lubrication of the joint. In late 1962 John Charnley unveiled a combination of a thick plastic socket and a small-diameter, highly polished metal ball to replace the head of the thigh bone.
Connections
Associated With
Cobalt-chromium alloy is widely used for femoral heads and bearing surfaces in hip replacement.
Polyethylene, Materials Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene is the standard bearing liner in the socket of a total hip replacement.
Titanium, Materials Titanium alloys are used for hip replacement stems and cups.
In Field
Source Hip replacement - Wikipedia
Invented By
Source Hip replacement - Wikipedia
Sources
1. Hip replacement - Wikipedia
Modern process section
The modern artificial joint owes much to the 1962 work of Sir John Charnley at Wrightington Hospital in the United Kingdom.
History section, Charnley bone cement paragraph
For over two decades, the Charnley Low Friction Arthroplasty, and derivative designs were the most used systems in the world. It formed the basis for all modern hip implants.
In Field: Biomedical Engineering, Categories
Implants (medicine)
In Group: Implantable Medical Devices, Lead
Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant, that is, a hip prosthesis.
Invented By: John Charnley, History section
In the 1960s, John Charnley at Wrightington General Hospital combined a metal prosthesis with a PTFE acetabular cup before settling on a metal/polyethylene design.
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