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The X-Brace That Used Less Steel Than the Empire State Building

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Fazlur Rahman Khan (Wikipedia)
Trussed tube and X-bracing section
Quote, Trussed tube and X-bracing section
In contrast to earlier steel frame structures, such as the Empire State Building (1931), which required about 206 kilograms of steel per square meter, and One Chase Manhattan Plaza (1961), which required around 275 kilograms of steel per square meter, the John Hancock Center was far more efficient, requiring only 145 kilograms of steel per square meter.
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