Engineered Systems
Sewers of Paris
Civil Engineering
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The sewers of Paris trace their origins to 1370, when the first underground sewer line was built beneath the Rue Montmartre, following earlier small scale Roman sewer construction on the Left Bank. Successive French governments enlarged the system, including major expansions under Louis XIV and Napoleon III and modernization programs in the 1990s under Mayor Jacques Chirac, and the system has since featured in popular culture, including the Victor Hugo novel Les Miserables.
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