IBM

International Business Machines Corporation, known as IBM, is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, and present in more than 175 countries. It was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, a holding company of manufacturers of record-keeping and measuring systems, and took its present name in 1924, soon becoming the leading maker of punch-card tabulating systems. In the 1960s and 1970s its System/360 mainframes dominated computing, and in 1981 it entered the microcomputer market with the IBM Personal Computer, whose architecture still underlies most personal computers sold. The company has been responsible for innovations including the automated teller machine, the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the relational database and the Universal Product Code barcode, and it is described as the largest industrial research organization in the world. It appears in this atlas because the engineers Mark Dean and George Laurer worked there.