Methods
Tunnel Boring
Civil Engineering
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Tunnel boring is the civil engineering method of excavating a tunnel using a tunnel boring machine, a large rotating cutterhead that grinds through rock or soil while the machine advances along the bore, typically also installing a ring of precast concrete or steel lining segments behind it to support the excavated tunnel wall as it progresses. Compared with drilling and blasting, tunnel boring produces a smoother bore with less disturbance to the surrounding ground and surface structures, which made it the preferred method for major infrastructure projects such as the Channel Tunnel between England and France, completed in 1994, and numerous urban subway systems worldwide.
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