Civil Engineering

One of the four traditional main branches of engineering: the study of the design, construction and maintenance of the built and natural environment at large scale. This branch groups the technology atlas's own infrastructure-and-earth family of fields: Civil Engineering itself (structures, roads, bridges, water supply), Environmental Engineering (water and air treatment and pollution control), Geological Engineering (the engineering behavior of rock and soil), Mining Engineering (the extraction of ore and mineral resources from the ground), Architectural Engineering (the structural and systems engineering of buildings), Ocean Engineering (structures and systems built to operate in the marine environment), Agricultural Engineering (machinery and infrastructure built for farming) and Military Engineering (fortification, siege and battlefield construction). Does not belong here: what happens to a mineral or metal once it leaves the ground, which is Chemical Engineering's own Metallurgical or Petroleum fields, or the electrical and control systems inside a piece of civil infrastructure, grouped under Electrical Engineering.