Nuclear engineering designs and operates the systems that release energy from nuclear reactions, chiefly the fission of uranium and plutonium, for electricity generation, naval propulsion, medical isotope production and research. It combines reactor physics, materials science and radiation safety to extract that energy while containing the intense radioactivity the reaction produces. The discipline emerged directly out of the Manhattan Project's wartime reactor work and became a distinct civilian engineering specialty once nuclear power moved from weapons research to electricity generation in the 1950s.
Facts
Core ConcernHarnessing nuclear reactions, primarily fission, for power generation, medicine and industry, and managing their safety and radioactive byproducts. 1 Core PrincipleExtract usable energy from nuclear fission while containing its radioactive byproducts, a discipline defined as much by what it must keep contained as by what it releases as useful power. 1 Disputed
Origin Year1950
1950 marks the establishment of the first dedicated academic nuclear engineering programs, shortly after the Manhattan Project's reactor work was declassified for civilian use; the underlying reactor physics dates to Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile-1 in 1942. Nuclear Engineering
Filter Results7 entries
FAQs
Does nuclear engineering only cover nuclear power plants?
No. Nuclear engineering designs and operates the systems that release and manage energy from nuclear reactions, chiefly fission, and power generation is its most visible application, but the field also covers nuclear medicine equipment such as radiation therapy and imaging devices, nuclear propulsion for ships and submarines, radiation safety and waste management, and nuclear instrumentation used in research and industry.
Connections
Associated With
Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Reactor design depends on radiation-resistant structural and shielding materials, a materials engineering concern.
Source American Nuclear Society, About (ans.org)American Nuclear Society
Reactor cooling systems, turbines and containment structures are mechanical engineering concerns.
Source American Nuclear Society, About (ans.org)American Nuclear Society
Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Field end of a technology member entity grouped under this field
Steel, Materials Reactor pressure vessels and containment structures are built from specialized steel alloys.
Includes
Source Alvin M. Weinberg (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Source Cold Fusion (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Source Energy Catalyzer (Wikipedia)
Source Enrico Fermi (National Inventors Hall of Fame inductee page)
Source Ernest Lawrence (Nobel Prize)
Source Gas centrifuge (Wikipedia)
Source Geiger counter (Wikipedia)
Source Hans Geiger (Wikipedia)
Source Hyman G. Rickover (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Source Nuclear reactor (Wikipedia)
Source Particle accelerator (Wikipedia)
Source Walter Zinn - Wikipedia
Source Walther Müller (Wikipedia)
Open Questions
Source Leo Szilard (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Sources
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.View the Source American Nuclear Society, About (ans.org)
American Nuclear Society, American Nuclear SocietyMission statement
To empower a strong, connected, and engaged professional community that cultivates nuclear science and technology for the benefit of humanity.
- Associated With: Materials Engineering
- Associated With: Mechanical Engineering
View the Source Nuclear Engineering (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationLead section, opening definition of nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering is the engineering discipline concerned with designing and applying systems that utilize the energy released by nuclear processes.
- In Group: Energy and Petroleum Engineering
View the Source Alvin M. Weinberg (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Alvin M. WeinbergView the Source Hyman G. Rickover (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Hyman G. RickoverView the Source Enrico Fermi (National Inventors Hall of Fame inductee page)
Includes: Enrico Fermi, Inductee pageQuote, Includes: Enrico Fermi, Inductee page
construction of an atomic pile which would make possible the controlled release of nuclear energy
View the Source Cold Fusion (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Cold Fusion, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Cold Fusion, Categories
Nuclear physics
View the Source Nuclear reactor (Wikipedia)
Includes: Nuclear Reactor, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Nuclear Reactor, Categories
Nuclear power reactor types
View the Source Geiger counter (Wikipedia)
Includes: Geiger Counter, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Geiger Counter, Categories
Ionising radiation detectors
View the Source Walter Zinn - Wikipedia
Includes: Walter Zinn, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Walter Zinn, Introduction
Walter Henry Zinn (December 10, 1906, February 14, 2000) was a Canadian-born American nuclear physicist who was the first director of the Argonne National Laboratory from 1946 to 1956.
View the Source Energy Catalyzer (Wikipedia)
Includes: Energy Catalyzer, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Energy Catalyzer, Introduction
The Energy Catalyzer (also called E-Cat) is a supposed cold fusion reactor promoted by its inventor Andrea Rossi with support from the late physicist Sergio Focardi.
View the Source Particle accelerator (Wikipedia)
Includes: Particle Accelerator, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Particle Accelerator, Introduction
Because the target of the particle beams of early accelerators was usually the atoms of a piece of matter, with the goal being to create collisions with their nuclei in order to investigate nuclear structure, accelerators were commonly referred to as atom smashers in the 20th century.
View the Source Hans Geiger (Wikipedia)
Includes: Hans Geiger, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Hans Geiger, Introduction
He is known as the inventor of the Geiger counter, a device used to detect ionizing radiation, and for carrying out the Rutherford scattering experiments, which led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus.
View the Source Walther Müller (Wikipedia)
Includes: Walther Müller, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Walther Müller, Introduction
Their work on ionization of gases by collision lead to the invention of the Geiger-Müller counter, a now indispensable tool for measuring radioactive radiation.
View the Source Gas centrifuge (Wikipedia)
Includes: Gas Centrifuge, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Gas Centrifuge, Lead section
A gas centrifuge is a device that performs isotope separation of gases.
View the Source Ernest Lawrence (Nobel Prize)
Includes: Ernest Lawrence, BiographicalQuote, Includes: Ernest Lawrence, Biographical
In 1929 he invented the cyclotron, a device for accelerating nuclear particles to very high velocities without the use of high voltages.
View the Source Open Questions (1 open question)
Who deserves primary credit for founding nuclear engineering: Leo Szilard, who conceived and patented the chain reaction concept in 1933 and 1936, or Enrico Fermi, who led the team that achieved the first actual self sustaining chain reaction in 1942?
Szilard originated and patented the theoretical concept of a nuclear chain reaction years before any working device existed, while Fermi led the team that turned the concept into the first working reactor at Chicago Pile One in 1942 and later jointly held a nuclear reactor patent together with Szilard; historical accounts differ on which contribution defines the founding of the discipline, and Fermi has separately been called the architect of the nuclear age.
What would resolve this A settled historiographical consensus, or a definitive patent and priority record, on whether conceptual origination or first successful engineering achievement carries primary founding credit.
History of TechnologyWikipedia contributors, Leo Szilard (Wikipedia)
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