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Chemical Engineering

Chemical Engineering

Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with designing and operating processes that convert raw materials into useful products through chemical, physical and biological transformation, at a scale ranging from the laboratory bench to the industrial plant. It grew out of industrial chemistry in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as chemists and mechanical engineers combined their skills to design continuous, large scale production processes rather than one off batches.

Facts
Core Concern
Converting raw materials into useful products through chemical and physical processes at scale. 1
Core Principle
Chemical engineering applies chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology and economics together to design, produce, transport and transform energy and materials efficiently at industrial scale. 2
Disputed
Origin Year
1888 3
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology introduced the first dedicated course of study in chemical engineering in 1888; the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, the discipline first professional body, followed in 1908.
Chemical Engineering
Filter Results4 entries
Connections

Associated With

Aerogel, Materials
Source Aerogel (Wikipedia)
Source Agricultural Engineering (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

Invented dynamite, a landmark of industrial explosives chemistry.

Dynamite, Inventions
Emulsion Polymerization, Inventions

Field-to-technology association verified live; FROM end owned by fields section

First isolated aluminum metal and pioneered organic synthesis, foundational to industrial chemistry.

Gunpowder, Inventions
Haber-Bosch Process, Inventions

Field-to-technology association verified live; FROM end owned by fields section

John Walker, Engineers

Invented the friction match, an early product of practical industrial chemistry.

Source Lithium Cobalt Oxide (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Match, Inventions
Petroleum Engineering, Fields

Refining crude oil into usable fuels and feedstocks is chemical engineering territory adjoining petroleum engineering own upstream focus.

Plastics, Materials
Rubber, Materials

Developed rubber vulcanization processes alongside Goodyear.

Vulcanization, Methods

Includes

Alkylation, Inventions
Source Alkylation - Wikipedia
Bakelite, Materials
Source Bunsen burner (Wikipedia)
Source Catalytic reforming (Wikipedia)
Source A History of TechnologyCharles Singer, E. J. Holmyard, A. R. Hall and Trevor I. Williams, editors
Source Chloralkali Process (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Source Contact process, Wikipedia
Source Distillation (Wikipedia)
Source Electrodialysis - Wikipedia
Source Electrolysis, Wikipedia
Source Emulsion polymerization (Wikipedia)
Source Fischer-Tropsch process, Wikipedia
Source Fluidized bed reactor - Wikipedia
Source Fractional Distillation (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Fritz Haber, Engineers
Source Wikipedia: Fritz Haber
Fuel Cell, Inventions
Source Fuel Cell (Wikipedia)
Source George E. Davis (Wikipedia)
Gunpowder, Inventions
Source Gunpowder (Wikipedia)
Source Haber process (Wikipedia)
Source Cracking (chemistry) - Wikipedia
Source Hydrogenation - Wikipedia
Source Ion exchange - Wikipedia
Source Kraft process, Wikipedia
Lighter, Inventions
Source Lighter (Wikipedia)
Mauveine, Inventions
Source Mauveine (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Nylon, Materials
Source Nylon (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Source Ostwald process (Wikipedia)
PEEK, Materials
Plastics, Materials
Source Encyclopaedia BritannicaEncyclopaedia Britannica editors
Source Polyethylene (New World Encyclopedia)
Source Polyvinyl chloride - Wikipedia
PTFE, Materials
Pyrolysis, Methods
Source Pyrolysis (Wikipedia)
Source Technology: A World HistoryDaniel R. Headrick
Source Reverse osmosis - Wikipedia
Rubber, Materials
Source Encyclopaedia BritannicaEncyclopaedia Britannica editors
Source Solvay process (Wikipedia)
Source Liquid-liquid extraction - Wikipedia
Source Steam reforming - Wikipedia
Source Synthetic Rubber (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Source Encyclopaedia BritannicaEncyclopaedia Britannica editors
Source Cracking (chemistry) - Wikipedia
Source A History of TechnologyCharles Singer, E. J. Holmyard, A. R. Hall and Trevor I. Williams, editors
Vulcanization, Methods
Source Vulcanization (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Source Ziegler-Natta catalyst - Wikipedia

Open Questions

In the Other Atlases
Sources
1. Technology: A World History
Daniel R. Headrick, Oxford University Press, 2009View the Source
2. Chemical Engineering (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia Foundation
  • Opening section
    Chemical engineering uses principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, and economics to efficiently use, produce, design, transport and transform energy and materials.
  • Lead section, opening definition of chemical engineering
    Chemical engineering is an engineering field which deals with the study of the operation and design of chemical plants as well as methods of improving production.
View the Source
3. Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.View the Source
A History of Technology
Charles Singer, E. J. Holmyard, A. R. Hall and Trevor I. Williams, editors, Oxford University Press, 1954
  • Includes: Charles Goodyear
  • Includes: Thomas Hancock
View the Source
Agricultural Engineering (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Agricultural Engineering, Lead sectionView the Source
Nylon (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: NylonView the Source
Polyethylene (New World Encyclopedia)
New World EncyclopediaIncludes: PolyethyleneView the Source
Aerogel (Wikipedia)
WikipediaAssociated With: Aerogel, Introduction
Quote, Associated With: Aerogel, Introduction
Aerogels can be made from a variety of chemical compounds.
View the Source
Lithium Cobalt Oxide (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Lithium Cobalt Oxide, Introduction
Quote, Associated With: Lithium Cobalt Oxide, Introduction
Lithium cobalt oxide is a black powder, and is commonly used in the positive electrodes of lithium-ion batteries especially in handheld electronics.
View the Source
George E. Davis (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: George E. Davis, Categories
Quote, Includes: George E. Davis, Categories
British chemical engineers
View the Source
Wikipedia: Fritz Haber
Includes: Fritz Haber, Categories
Quote, Includes: Fritz Haber, Categories
German chemical engineers
View the Source
Vulcanization (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Vulcanization, Categories
Quote, Includes: Vulcanization, Categories
Chemical processes
View the Source
Pyrolysis (Wikipedia)
Includes: Pyrolysis, Categories
Quote, Includes: Pyrolysis, Categories
Chemical processes
View the Source
Haber process (Wikipedia)
Includes: Haber-Bosch Process, Categories
Quote, Includes: Haber-Bosch Process, Categories
Catalysis
View the Source
Solvay process (Wikipedia)
Includes: Solvay Process, Categories
Quote, Includes: Solvay Process, Categories
Chemical processes
View the Source
Contact process, Wikipedia
Includes: Contact Process, Categories
Quote, Includes: Contact Process, Categories
Catalysis
View the Source
Fischer-Tropsch process, Wikipedia
Includes: Fischer-Tropsch Process, Categories
Quote, Includes: Fischer-Tropsch Process, Categories
Catalysis
View the Source
Kraft process, Wikipedia
Includes: Kraft Process, Categories
Quote, Includes: Kraft Process, Categories
Chemical processes
View the Source
Steam reforming - Wikipedia
Includes: Steam Reforming, Categories
Quote, Includes: Steam Reforming, Categories
Catalysis
View the Source
Ostwald process (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ostwald Process, Categories
Quote, Includes: Ostwald Process, Categories
Catalysis
View the Source
Reverse osmosis - Wikipedia
Includes: Reverse Osmosis, Categories
Quote, Includes: Reverse Osmosis, Categories
Separation processes
View the Source
Electrolysis, Wikipedia
Includes: Electrolysis, Categories
Quote, Includes: Electrolysis, Categories
Chemical processes
View the Source
Electrodialysis - Wikipedia
Includes: Electrodialysis, Categories
Quote, Includes: Electrodialysis, Categories
Chemical processes
View the Source
Alkylation - Wikipedia
Includes: Alkylation, Categories
Quote, Includes: Alkylation, Categories
Chemical processes
View the Source
Cracking (chemistry) - Wikipedia
  • Includes: Hydrocracking, Categories
    Chemical processes
  • Includes: Thermal Cracking, Lead section
    In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors.
View the Source
Distillation (Wikipedia)
Includes: Distillation, Categories
Quote, Includes: Distillation, Categories
Separation processes
View the Source
Fractional Distillation (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Fractional Distillation, Categories
Quote, Includes: Fractional Distillation, Categories
Distillation
View the Source
Mauveine (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Mauveine, Categories
Quote, Includes: Mauveine, Categories
Chemical mixtures
View the Source
Polyvinyl chloride - Wikipedia
Includes: Polyvinyl Chloride, Categories
Quote, Includes: Polyvinyl Chloride, Categories
Commodity chemicals
View the Source
Fluidized bed reactor - Wikipedia
Includes: Fluidized Bed Reactor, Categories
Quote, Includes: Fluidized Bed Reactor, Categories
Chemical reactors
View the Source
Ziegler-Natta catalyst - Wikipedia
Includes: Ziegler-Natta Catalyst, Categories
Quote, Includes: Ziegler-Natta Catalyst, Categories
Catalysts
View the Source
Hydrogenation - Wikipedia
Includes: Hydrogenation, Categories
Quote, Includes: Hydrogenation, Categories
Homogeneous catalysis
View the Source
Liquid-liquid extraction - Wikipedia
Includes: Solvent Extraction, Categories
Quote, Includes: Solvent Extraction, Categories
Extraction (chemistry)
View the Source
Gunpowder (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Gunpowder, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Gunpowder, Lead section
Gunpowder, referred to as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive.
View the Source
Lighter (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Lighter, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Lighter, Lead section
Some lighters use a consumable chemical fuel, others use electricity from a battery.
View the Source
Fuel Cell (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Fuel Cell, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Fuel Cell, Lead section
A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) into electricity through a pair of redox reactions.
View the Source
Synthetic Rubber (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Synthetic Rubber, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Synthetic Rubber, Lead section
They are polymers synthesized from petroleum byproducts.
View the Source
Chloralkali Process (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Chlor-Alkali Process, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Chlor-Alkali Process, Lead section
It is the technology used to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), which are commodity chemicals required by industry. 35 million tons of chlorine were prepared by this process in 1987.
View the Source
Ion exchange - Wikipedia
Includes: Ion Exchange, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Ion Exchange, Lead section
Ion exchange is used in softening or demineralizing of water, purification of chemicals, and separation of substances.
View the Source
Catalytic reforming (Wikipedia)
Includes: Catalytic Reforming, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Catalytic Reforming, Lead section
Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert naphthas from crude oil into liquid products called reformates, which are premium "blending stocks" for high-octane gasoline.
View the Source
Emulsion polymerization (Wikipedia)
Includes: Emulsion Polymerization, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Emulsion Polymerization, Lead section
In polymer chemistry, emulsion polymerization is a type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomers, and surfactants.
View the Source
Bunsen burner (Wikipedia)
Includes: Bunsen Burner, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Bunsen Burner, Lead section
The gas can be natural gas, which is mainly methane, or a liquefied petroleum gas, such as propane, butane, a mixture or, as Bunsen himself used, coal gas.
View the Source
Open Questions (1 open question)
When and by whom was the term "chemical engineering" actually coined: an 1839 reference cited by James F. Donnelly, George E. Davis's later claimed coinage, or the approximately 1890 date given by The History of Science in the United States: An Encyclopedia?

Wikipedia's own chemical engineering article records three competing accounts in one paragraph: "A 1996 article cites James F. Donnelly for mentioning an 1839 reference to chemical engineering...George E. Davis...was credited with having coined the term...The History of Science in United States: An Encyclopedia puts the use of the term around 1890." The sources disagree with each other and the article does not adjudicate between them.

What would resolve this A dedicated etymological study tracing first use of the exact phrase "chemical engineering" in primary 19th-century sources, rather than secondary encyclopedic accounts that already disagree.
Wikipedia contributors, Chemical Engineering (Wikipedia)
Frequently Asked Questions

Is chemical engineering the same as chemistry?

No. A chemist studies chemical reactions and substances at the laboratory scale. A chemical engineer takes a reaction a chemist has characterized and designs the industrial-scale process, the reactors, separation equipment, piping and control systems, that turns raw materials into a useful product safely, economically and at volume. Chemical engineering draws on chemistry as one of several foundational sciences, alongside physics, mathematics and increasingly biology, but its core work is process design and scale-up rather than discovering new reactions.
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