Chemical Engineering

Aerogels can be made from a variety of chemical compounds.

Lithium cobalt oxide is a black powder, and is commonly used in the positive electrodes of lithium-ion batteries especially in handheld electronics.

Invented in 1908, cellophane came from Swiss chemist Jacques Brandenberger's desire

Goodwin made his flexible photographic film by dissolving nitrocellulose in nitrobenzole and then diluting the thick mixture with alcohol.

Wichterle earned his Ph.D. from the Prague Institute of Chemical Technology

then received his Ph.D. in chemistry in 1923

British chemical engineers

German chemical engineers

Chemical processes

Chemical processes

Catalysis

Chemical processes

Catalysis

Catalysis

Chemical processes

Catalysis

Catalysis

Separation processes

Chemical processes

Chemical processes

Chemical processes

Separation processes

Distillation

Chemical mixtures

Commodity chemicals

Chemical reactors

Catalysts

Homogeneous catalysis

Extraction (chemistry)

Gunpowder, referred to as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive.

Some lighters use a consumable chemical fuel, others use electricity from a battery.

A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) into electricity through a pair of redox reactions.

They are polymers synthesized from petroleum byproducts.

It is the technology used to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), which are commodity chemicals required by industry. 35 million tons of chlorine were prepared by this process in 1987.

Ion exchange is used in softening or demineralizing of water, purification of chemicals, and separation of substances.

Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert naphthas from crude oil into liquid products called reformates, which are premium "blending stocks" for high-octane gasoline.

In polymer chemistry, emulsion polymerization is a type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomers, and surfactants.

The gas can be natural gas, which is mainly methane, or a liquefied petroleum gas, such as propane, butane, a mixture or, as Bunsen himself used, coal gas.

Friedrich Wöhler FRS(For) HonFRSE (German: [ˈvøːlɐ]; 31 July 1800-23 September 1882) was a German chemist known for his work in both organic and inorganic chemistry, being the first to isolate the chemical elements beryllium and yttrium in pure metallic form.

Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and stabilizers.

Nobel's most famous invention, dynamite, was an explosive made using nitroglycerin, which was patented in 1867.

In papermaking, a dilute suspension consisting mostly of separate cellulose fibres in water is drained through a sieve-like screen, so that a mat of randomly interwoven fibres is laid down.

Herbert Henry Dow (February 26, 1866, October 15, 1930) was an American chemical industrialist who founded the American multinational conglomerate Dow Chemical.

He has been called "The Father of the Plastics Industry" for his invention of Bakelite, an inexpensive, non-flammable and versatile plastic, which marked the beginning of the modern plastics industry.

The stone was then treated with a mixture of weak acid and gum arabic ("etch") that made the parts of the stone's surface that were not protected by the grease more hydrophilic (water attracting).

Bakelite ( BAY-kə-lyte) is the first plastic made from synthetic components.

Rayon, also called viscose, is a semi-synthetic fiber made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products.

Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose.

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane.

Nanofiltration is a membrane filtration process that uses nanometer sized pores through which particles smaller than about 1-10 nanometers pass through the membrane.

In biochemistry, cellulose acetate refers to any acetate ester of cellulose, usually cellulose diacetate.

Steam cracking is a petrochemical process in which saturated hydrocarbons are broken down ("cracked") into smaller, often unsaturated, hydrocarbons.

Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation, is a low-temperature dehydration process that involves freezing the product and lowering pressure, thereby removing the ice by sublimation.

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is the process of separating one component (the extractant) from another (the matrix) using supercritical fluids as the extracting solvent.

Pervaporation (or pervaporative separation) is a processing method for the separation of mixtures of liquids by partial vaporization through a non-porous or porous membrane.

Historians have variously speculated that it was based on saltpeter, sulfur, or quicklime, but most modern scholars agree that it was based on petroleum mixed with resins, comparable in composition to modern napalm.

Fireworks are low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes.

Polywater was a hypothesized polymerized form of water that was the subject of much scientific controversy during the late 1960s, first described by Soviet scientist Nikolai Fedyakin.

Film tinting is the process of adding color to black-and-white film, usually by means of soaking the film in dye and staining the film emulsion.

Autoclaves are also commonly used in the chemical industry to cure coatings, vulcanize rubber, and for hydrothermal synthesis.

Gas masks only protect the user from ingesting or inhaling chemical agents, as well as preventing contact with the user's eyes (many chemical agents affect through eye contact).

A bomb is an explosive weapon that uses the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy.

It was originally designed for the extraction of a lipid from a solid material.

Sir William Henry Perkin (12 March 1838-14 July 1907) was an English chemist and entrepreneur best known for his serendipitous discovery of the first commercial synthetic organic dye, mauveine, made from aniline.

extensive research into the liquefaction of gases

Peregrine Phillips Junior was the inventor of the Contact Process for Sulphuric Acid, for which he obtained Patent No. 6096 in 1831.

Mond developed a valuable method known as the Mond process for extracting nickel from its ores by use of this carbonyl.

John Walker (29 May 1781-1 May 1859) was an English chemist and pharmacist credited with inventing the friction light, the first commercially successful friction match, in either 1826 or 1827.

Ernest Gaston Joseph Solvay (French: [sɔlvɛ]; 16 April 1838-26 May 1922) was a Belgian chemist, industrialist and philanthropist.

Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (19 March 1877 in Freiburg im Breisgau, 1 December 1947 in Munich) was a German chemist.

Hans Tropsch (October 7, 1889, October 8, 1935) was a chemist responsible, along with Franz Fischer, for the development of the Fischer-Tropsch process.

Franz Ritter von Soxhlet (12 January 1848-5 May 1926) was a German agricultural chemist and inventor.

Paul Sabatier (French: [sabatje]; 5 November 1854-14 August 1941) was a French chemist, born in Carcassonne.

620 AD) was a Byzantine architect and alchemist of Jewish or Egyptian origin.

Photographic film is a strip or sheet of transparent film base coated on one side with a gelatin emulsion containing microscopically small light-sensitive silver halide crystals, for the purpose of taking photographs.

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.

In 1968, Spencer Silver was a senior scientist working to develop new classes of adhesives at 3M when he discovered an acrylic adhesive with unique properties.

He quickly achieved success in this by his invention of the mass spectrograph, an apparatus in which the ingenious use of electromagnetic focusing enabled him to utilize the very slight differences in mass of the two isotopes to effect their separation.