Field
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering
Civil engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction and maintenance of the built and natural physical environment, including roads, bridges, canals, dams, buildings and water supply systems. Its name distinguishes it from military engineering, the discipline from which it split as a recognized civilian profession in eighteenth century Europe, when engineers began organizing themselves around public works rather than fortification. The first dedicated institution for teaching the discipline, the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, opened in France in 1747, formalizing civil engineering training a generation before the profession fully separated from military engineering in practice.
Facts
Core ConcernThe design and construction of the built and natural physical environment. Practice is carried out from municipal public works departments through national government agencies, and from locally based private firms to the largest global engineering companies. 1 Core PrincipleDesign structures and infrastructure to carry their loads safely over a stated service life, accounting for the soil, climate and use conditions specific to the site rather than a generic standard load. 1 Disputed
Origin YearJohn Smeaton styled himself the first self-described civil engineer in Britain around 1768, to distinguish civilian construction work from military engineering; the first dedicated professional body, the Institution of Civil Engineers, followed only in 1818. FAQs
Why is civil engineering called civil, and how old is it as a discipline?
Civil engineering is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline, after military engineering, and its name reflects exactly that distinction. It was defined to separate non-military engineering work (roads, bridges, canals, dams and buildings) from the military engineering that came before it.
Connections
Associated With
Devised the framework method that became a forerunner of the finite element method used across structural engineering.
Arch Dam, Inventions Field-to-technology association verified live; FROM end owned by fields section
Environmental engineering grew out of nineteenth century civil and sanitary engineering practice.
Traditionally credited as the architect and engineer of the Step Pyramid of Djoser.
One of the most influential civil engineers of the nineteenth century, known for bridges, tunnels and railways.
Underground mine structural support and surface mine infrastructure both draw heavily on civil engineering practice.
Field-to-technology association verified live; FROM end owned by fields section
Coined the term finite element method and developed it for structural analysis.
Field-to-technology association verified live; FROM end owned by fields section
Developed the variational mathematics underlying the finite element method used in structural engineering.
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Truss Bridge, Inventions Field-to-technology association verified live; FROM end owned by fields section
Tunnel Boring, Methods Field-to-technology association verified live; FROM end owned by fields section
Includes
Source Sunshu Ao (Wikipedia)
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Source Swing bridge - Wikipedia
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Source Thomas Farnolls Pritchard (Wikipedia)
Source Thomas Telford (Wikipedia)
Source Toilet (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Source Total station (Wikipedia)
Source Traffic cone (Wikipedia)
Source Transporter bridge - Wikipedia
Source Truss bridge, Wikipedia
Source Tunnelling shield, Wikipedia
Source Turnbuckle (Wikipedia)
Source Vertical-lift bridge (Wikipedia)
Source Viaduct - Wikipedia
Source Water tower, Wikipedia
Source William Heerlein Lindley (Wikipedia)
Source William Jessop (Wikipedia)
Source William Otis Steam Shovel Patent US1089 (Google Patents)
Showing 101 to 120 of 120 in Includes, page 3 of 3.
Open Questions
Source Civil Engineering (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Sources
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.View the Source Civil Engineering (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationLead section, opening definition of civil engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.
Lead section, second-oldest discipline paragraph
It is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.
History section, institution-founding sentence
In 1747, the first institution for the teaching of civil engineering, the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, was established in France; and more examples followed in other European countries.
Lead section, practice-sector sentence
Civil engineering can take place in the public sector from municipal public works departments through to national government agencies, and in the private sector from locally based firms to Fortune Global 500 companies.
View the Source Isambard Kingdom Brunel: A Biography
L. T. C. Rolt, Longmans, Green and Co., 1957Includes: Isambard Kingdom Brunel
A History of Technology
Charles Singer, E. J. Holmyard, A. R. Hall and Trevor I. Williams, editors, Oxford University Press, 1954- Includes: Concrete
- Includes: Canal Lock Engineering
View the Source Joseph Aspdin Patent No. 5022, 1824 (cementkilns.co.uk)
Alexander Hrennikoff (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Alexander Hrennikoff, Biography section, first paragraphQuote, Includes: Alexander Hrennikoff, Biography section, first paragraph
From 1933 until his death in 1984 he worked as a professor of Civil Engineering at the University of British Columbia.
View the Source Richard Courant (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Richard Courant, Finite element method paragraphQuote, Includes: Richard Courant, Finite element method paragraph
Courant's name is also attached to the finite element method, with his numerical treatment of the plain torsion problem for multiply-connected domains, published in 1943.
View the Source Sextus Julius Frontinus (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Sextus Julius Frontinus, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Sextus Julius Frontinus, Lead section
Sextus Julius Frontinus (c. 40-103 AD) was a Roman civil engineer, author, soldier and senator of the late 1st century AD. He was a successful general under Domitian, commanding forces in Roman Britain, and on the Rhine and Danube frontiers.
View the Source Othmar Ammann (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Othmar Ammann, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Othmar Ammann, Lead section
Othmar Hermann Ammann (March 26, 1879, September 22, 1965) was a Swiss-American civil engineer whose bridge designs include the George Washington Bridge, Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, and Bayonne Bridge.
View the Source Emily Warren Roebling (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Emily Warren Roebling, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Emily Warren Roebling, Categories
American bridge engineers
View the Source Nora Stanton Barney (Wikipedia)
Includes: Nora Stanton Blatch Barney, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Nora Stanton Blatch Barney, Lead section
Nora Stanton Barney (née Blatch; 30 September 1883-18 January 1971) was an English-born American civil engineer, and suffragist.
View the Source Wikipedia: Furuichi Kōi
Includes: Furuichi Koi, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Furuichi Koi, Lead section
Baron Furuichi Kōi (古市 公威; September 13, 1854, January 28, 1934) was a Japanese civil engineer, who was president of Kōka Daigaku, the present college of engineering of the University of Tokyo, and founding president of the Tokyo Underground Railway, "the first underground railway in the Orient".
View the Source Gustave Eiffel (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Gustave Eiffel, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Gustave Eiffel, Lead section
Alexandre Gustave Eiffel ( EYE-fəl; French: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ ɡystav ɛfɛl]; né Bonickhausen dit Eiffel; 15 December 1832-27 December 1923) was a French civil engineer.
View the Source Karl Imhoff - Wikipedia
Includes: Karl Imhoff, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Karl Imhoff, Lead section
Karl Imhoff (7 April 1876 in Mannheim, 28 September 1965) was a German civil engineer, author, and a pioneer of wastewater treatment used throughout the world.
View the Source Thomas Telford (Wikipedia)
Includes: Thomas Telford, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Thomas Telford, Lead section
Thomas Telford (9 August 1757-2 September 1834) was a Scottish civil engineer.
View the Source John A. Roebling (Wikipedia)
Includes: John A. Roebling, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: John A. Roebling, Lead section
John Augustus Roebling (born Johann August Röbling; June 12, 1806, July 22, 1869) was a German-born American civil engineer.
View the Source William Heerlein Lindley (Wikipedia)
Includes: William Heerlein Lindley, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: William Heerlein Lindley, Lead section
Sir William Heerlein Lindley (30 January 1853, in Hamburg, 30 December 1917, in London) was a British civil engineer.
View the Source Ernest Malinowski (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ernest Malinowski, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Ernest Malinowski, Categories
19th-century civil engineers
View the Source Eugene Freyssinet (Wikipedia)
Includes: Eugene Freyssinet, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Eugene Freyssinet, Lead section
Eugène Freyssinet (French: [øʒɛn fʁɛsinɛ]) (13 July 1879-8 June 1962) was a French structural and civil engineer.
View the Source Robert Maillart (Wikipedia)
Includes: Robert Maillart, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Robert Maillart, Lead section
Robert Maillart (16 February 1872-5 April 1940) was a Swiss civil engineer who revolutionized the use of structural reinforced concrete with such designs as the three-hinged arch and the deck-stiffened arch for bridges, and the beamless floor slab and mushroom ceiling for industrial buildings.
View the Source M. Visvesvaraya (Wikipedia)
Includes: Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, Lead section
Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (Telugu: [moːkʂaguɳɖam ʋiʃʋeːʃʋaɾajja], 15 September 1861-12/14 April 1962), also referred to by his initials, MV, was an Indian civil engineer, administrator, and statesman, who served as the 19th Dewan of Mysore from 1912 to 1918.
View the Source William Jessop (Wikipedia)
Includes: William Jessop, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: William Jessop, Lead section
William Jessop (23 January 1745-18 November 1814) was an English civil engineer, best known for his work on canals, harbours and early railways in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
View the Source Cornelis Lely (Wikipedia)
Includes: Cornelis Lely, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Cornelis Lely, Lead section
Cornelis Lely (Dutch pronunciation: [kɔrˈneːlɪs ˈleːli]; 23 September 1854-22 January 1929) was a Dutch politician of the Liberal Union and civil engineer who was Minister of Water Management and Governor of Suriname.
View the Source Fritz Leonhardt (Wikipedia)
Includes: Fritz Leonhardt, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Fritz Leonhardt, Lead section
Fritz Leonhardt (12 July 1909-30 December 1999) was a German structural engineer who made major contributions to 20th-century bridge engineering, especially in the development of cable-stayed bridges.
View the Source Christian Menn (Wikipedia)
Includes: Christian Menn, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Christian Menn, Lead section
Christian Menn (March 3, 1927, July 16, 2018) was a renowned Swiss civil engineer and bridge designer.
View the Source Ove Arup (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ove Arup, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Ove Arup, Lead section
Ove Arup is considered to be among the foremost architectural structural engineers of his time.
View the Source Alec Skempton (Wikipedia)
Includes: Alec Skempton, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Alec Skempton, Lead section
Sir Alec Westley Skempton (4 June 1914-9 August 2001) was an English civil engineer internationally recognised, along with Karl Terzaghi, as one of the founding fathers of the engineering discipline of soil mechanics.
View the Source E. Sreedharan (Wikipedia)
Includes: E. Sreedharan, CategoriesQuote, Includes: E. Sreedharan, Categories
Indian civil engineers
View the Source George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. (Wikipedia)
Includes: George Washington Gale Ferris Jr., Lead sectionQuote, Includes: George Washington Gale Ferris Jr., Lead section
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. (February 14, 1859, November 22, 1896) was an American civil engineer.
View the Source Joseph Bazalgette (Wikipedia)
Includes: Joseph Bazalgette, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Joseph Bazalgette, Lead section
Sir Joseph William Bazalgette (; 28 March 1819-15 March 1891) was a British civil engineer.
View the Source Prestressed concrete (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Prestressed Concrete, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Prestressed Concrete, Categories
Concrete buildings and structures
View the Source Slip Forming (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Slipforming, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Slipforming, Categories
Civil engineering
View the Source Truss bridge, Wikipedia
Includes: Truss Bridge, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Truss Bridge, Categories
Bridges by structural type
View the Source Suspension bridge, Wikipedia
Includes: Suspension Bridge, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Suspension Bridge, Categories
Bridges by structural type
View the Source Aqueduct (water supply), Wikipedia
Includes: Aqueduct, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Aqueduct, Categories
Canals
View the Source Cantilever bridge, Wikipedia
Includes: Cantilever Bridge, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Cantilever Bridge, Categories
Bridges by structural type
View the Source Cable-stayed bridge, Wikipedia
Includes: Cable-Stayed Bridge, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Cable-Stayed Bridge, Categories
Bridges by structural type
View the Source Cofferdam, Wikipedia
Includes: Cofferdam, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Cofferdam, Categories
Dams by type
View the Source Bascule bridge, Wikipedia
Includes: Bascule Bridge, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Bascule Bridge, Categories
Bridges by structural type
View the Source Polder, Wikipedia
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Coastal construction
View the Source Arch dam, Wikipedia
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Concrete buildings and structures
View the Source Lock (water navigation), Wikipedia
Includes: Canal Lock, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Canal Lock, Categories
Canals
View the Source Box girder bridge, Wikipedia
Includes: Box Girder Bridge, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Box Girder Bridge, Categories
Bridges by structural type
View the Source Pontoon bridge - Wikipedia
Includes: Pontoon Bridge, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Pontoon Bridge, Categories
Bridges by structural type
View the Source Breakwater (structure) - Wikipedia
Includes: Breakwater, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Breakwater, Categories
Coastal construction
View the Source Gravity dam - Wikipedia
Includes: Gravity Dam, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Gravity Dam, Categories
Dams by type
View the Source Viaduct - Wikipedia
Includes: Viaduct, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Viaduct, Categories
Bridges by structural type
View the Source Groyne, Wikipedia
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Coastal construction
View the Source Weir - Wikipedia
Includes: Weir, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Weir, Categories
Dams by type
View the Source Sluice - Wikipedia
Includes: Sluice Gate, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Sluice Gate, Categories
Canals
View the Source Swing bridge - Wikipedia
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Bridges by structural type
View the Source Vertical-lift bridge (Wikipedia)
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Bridges by structural type
View the Source Transporter bridge - Wikipedia
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Bridges by structural type
View the Source Riprap (Wikipedia)
Includes: Riprap, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Riprap, Categories
Coastal construction
View the Source Jetty (Wikipedia)
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Coastal construction
View the Source Roman concrete (Wikipedia)
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Concrete buildings and structures
View the Source Caisson (engineering) (Wikipedia)
Includes: Caisson Construction, Categories
Construction technology
Includes: Caisson, Categories
Construction technology
View the SourceGeotextile (Wikipedia)
Includes: Geotextile, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Geotextile, Categories
Building materials
View the Source Geodesic Dome (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Geodesic Dome, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Geodesic Dome, Categories
Architecture related to utopias
View the Source Tunnelling shield, Wikipedia
Includes: Tunnelling Shield, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Tunnelling Shield, Categories
Tunnel boring machines
View the Source The Iron Bridge, Wikipedia
Includes: Cast-Iron Bridge, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Cast-Iron Bridge, Categories
Bridges across the River Severn
View the Source Qanat - Wikipedia
Includes: Qanat, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Qanat, Categories
Irrigation
View the Source Stepwell - Wikipedia
Includes: Stepwell, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Stepwell, Categories
Architecture of Rajasthan
View the Source Joseph Monier - Wikipedia
Includes: Reinforced Concrete, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Reinforced Concrete, Categories
Reinforced concrete
View the Source Immersed tube - Wikipedia
Includes: Immersed Tube Tunnel, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Immersed Tube Tunnel, Categories
Immersed tube tunnels
View the Source Steel frame - Wikipedia
Includes: Steel Frame Construction, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Steel Frame Construction, Categories
Construction
View the Source Flood barrier (Wikipedia)
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Dams
View the Source Seawall - Wikipedia
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Coastal engineering
View the Source Culvert - Wikipedia
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Bridges
View the Source Anji Bridge - Wikipedia
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Bridges in Hebei
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Irrigation
View the Source Noria, Wikipedia
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Irrigation
View the Source Spillway - Wikipedia
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Dams
View the Source Silo (Wikipedia)
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Agricultural buildings
View the Source Guard rail
Includes: Guardrail, CategoriesQuote, Includes: Guardrail, Categories
Bridge components
View the Source Fire hydrant (Wikipedia)
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Infrastructure
View the Source Konrad Zuse (Wikipedia)
Includes: Konrad Zuse, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Konrad Zuse, Lead section
Konrad Ernst Otto Zuse (; German: [ˈkɔnʁaːt ˈtsuːzə]; 22 June 1910-18 December 1995) was a German civil engineer, pioneering computer scientist, inventor and businessman.
View the Source George Stephenson (Wikipedia)
Includes: George Stephenson, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: George Stephenson, Lead section
George Stephenson (9 June 1781-12 August 1848) was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer.
View the Source Robert Stephenson (Wikipedia)
Includes: Robert Stephenson, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Robert Stephenson, Lead section
Robert Stephenson , DCL (Hon. causa) (16 October 1803-12 October 1859) was an English civil engineer and designer of locomotives.
View the Source John Smeaton (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: John Smeaton, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: John Smeaton, Lead section
John Smeaton (8 June 1724-28 October 1792) was an English civil engineer responsible for the design of bridges, canals, harbours and lighthouses.
View the Source Juan de la Cierva (Wikipedia)
Includes: Juan de la Cierva, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Juan de la Cierva, Lead section
Juan de la Cierva y Codorníu, 1st Count of la Cierva ([ˈxwan de la ˈθjeɾβaj koðoɾˈni.u]; 21 September 1895-9 December 1936), was a Spanish civil engineer, pilot and a self-taught aeronautical engineer.
View the Source George Washington Goethals (Wikipedia)
Includes: George Washington Goethals, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: George Washington Goethals, Lead section
George Washington Goethals ( GOH-thəlz June 29, 1858, January 21, 1928) was an American military officer and civil engineer, best known for his administration and supervision of the construction and the opening of the Panama Canal.
View the Source James Buchanan Eads (Wikipedia)
Includes: James Buchanan Eads, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: James Buchanan Eads, Lead section
James Buchanan Eads (May 23, 1820, March 8, 1887) was an American civil engineer and inventor.
View the Source Benjamin Baker (Wikipedia)
Includes: Benjamin Baker, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Benjamin Baker, Lead section
Sir Benjamin Baker (31 March 1840-19 May 1907) was an English civil engineer who worked in mid to late Victorian era.
View the Source Funicular (Wikipedia)
Includes: Funicular, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Funicular, Lead section
A funicular ( few-NIK-yoo-lər, f(y)uu-, f(j)ə-), or funicular railway, is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope.
View the Source Levee, Wikipedia
Includes: Levee, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Levee, Lead section
A levee ( or ), is an elevated ridge alongside the banks of a river, often intended to protect against flooding of the area adjoining the river.
View the Source Water tower, Wikipedia
Includes: Water Tower, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Water Tower, Lead section
A water tower is an elevated structure supporting a water tank constructed at a height sufficient to pressurize a distribution system for potable water, and to provide emergency storage for fire protection.
View the Source Boat lift - Wikipedia
Includes: Boat Lift, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Boat Lift, Lead section
A boat lift, ship lift, or lift lock is a machine for transporting boats between water at two different elevations, and is an alternative to the canal lock.
View the Source Guyed mast (Wikipedia)
Includes: Guyed Mast, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Guyed Mast, Lead section
A guyed mast is a tall thin vertical structure that depends on guy lines (diagonal tensioned cables attached to the ground or a base) for stability.
View the Source Cloverleaf interchange (Wikipedia)
Includes: Cloverleaf Interchange, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Cloverleaf Interchange, Lead section
To go left (in right-hand traffic; reverse directions in left-driving regions), vehicles first continue as one road passes over or under the other, then exit right onto a one-way three-quarter loop ramp (270°) and merge onto the intersecting road.
View the Source Hypocaust (Wikipedia)
Includes: Hypocaust, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Hypocaust, Lead section
A hypocaust (Latin: hypocaustum) is a system of central heating in a building that produces and circulates hot air below the floor of a room, and may also warm the walls with a series of pipes through which the hot air passes.
View the Source Clock Tower (Wikipedia)
Includes: Clock Tower, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Clock Tower, Lead section
A clock tower is an architectural structure housing a turret clock.
View the Source City and South London Railway (Wikipedia)
Includes: City and South London Railway, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: City and South London Railway, Lead section
The City and South London Railway (C&SLR) was the first successful deep-level underground "tube" railway in the world, and the first major railway to use electric traction.
View the Source Roller coaster (Wikipedia)
Includes: Roller Coaster, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Roller Coaster, Lead section
A roller coaster is a type of amusement ride employing a form of elevated railway track that carries passengers on a train through hills, turns, valleys, and other elements, to exert abnormal g-forces on the body.
View the Source Traffic cone (Wikipedia)
Includes: Traffic Cone, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Traffic Cone, Lead section
Traffic cones, also called pylons, witches' hats, road cones, highway cones, safety cones, caution cones, channelizing devices, construction cones, roadworks cones, or just cones, are usually cone-shaped markers that are placed on roads or footpaths to temporarily redirect traffic in a safe manner.
View the Source Theodolite (Wikipedia)
Includes: Theodolite, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Theodolite, Lead section
The traditional use has been for land surveying, but it is also used extensively for building and infrastructure construction, and some specialized applications such as meteorology and rocket launching.
View the Source Total station (Wikipedia)
Includes: Total Station, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Total Station, Lead section
A total station or total station theodolite is an electronic/optical instrument used for surveying and building construction.
View the Source Sunshu Ao (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Sunshu Ao, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Sunshu Ao, Introduction
Sunshu Ao was entrusted with many endeavors of the state, and because of a large dam, reservoir, and irrigation project he had established, he is also credited as the first known hydraulic engineer of China.
View the Source Karikala Chola (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Karikala Chola, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Karikala Chola, Introduction
He is credited with the construction of the flood banks of the river Kaveri and conquest of Tamilakam, Andhra and Sri Lanka.
View the Source Marc Isambard Brunel (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Marc Isambard Brunel, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Marc Isambard Brunel, Introduction
He constructed the Thames Tunnel, the world's first underwater tunnel, and was the father of Isambard Kingdom Brunel.
View the Source Joseph Strauss (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Joseph Strauss, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Joseph Strauss, Introduction
Joseph Baermann Strauss (January 9, 1870, May 16, 1938) was an American structural engineer who revolutionized the design of bascule bridges.
View the Source Grain elevator, Wikipedia
Includes: Grain Elevator, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Grain Elevator, Introduction
In most cases, the term "grain elevator" also describes the entire elevator complex, including receiving and testing offices, weighbridges, and storage facilities.
View the Source Retaining wall, Wikipedia
Includes: Retaining Wall, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Retaining Wall, Introduction
Retaining walls are relatively rigid walls used for supporting soil laterally so that it can be retained at different levels on the two sides.
View the Source Toilet (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Toilet, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Toilet, Introduction
In urban areas, flush toilets are usually connected to a sewer system; in isolated areas, to a septic tank.
View the Source Strain gauge (Wikipedia)
Includes: Strain Gauge, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Strain Gauge, Introduction
This resistance change, usually measured using a Wheatstone bridge, is related to the strain by the quantity known as the gauge factor.
View the Source Thomas Farnolls Pritchard (Wikipedia)
Includes: Thomas Farnolls Pritchard, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Thomas Farnolls Pritchard, Introduction
Thomas Farnolls Pritchard (also known as Farnolls Pritchard; baptised 11 May 1723-23 December 1777) was an English architect and interior decorator who is best remembered for his design of the first cast-iron bridge in the world.
View the Source Slurry wall (Wikipedia)
Includes: Diaphragm Wall, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Diaphragm Wall, Lead paragraph
A slurry wall is a civil engineering technique
View the Source Hubert Cecil Booth (Grace's Guide)
Includes: Hubert Cecil Booth, BiographyQuote, Includes: Hubert Cecil Booth, Biography
Hubert Cecil Booth (1871-1955) of British Vacuum Cleaner and Engineering Co , inventor of the mechanically-powered vacuum cleaner, civil engineer
View the Source William Otis Steam Shovel Patent US1089 (Google Patents)
Google Patents / United States Patent OfficeIncludes: William Otis, SpecificationQuote, Includes: William Otis, Specification
civil engineer, of the city of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania
View the Source Grace's Guide to British Industrial History: James Brindley
Grace's Guide to British Industrial HistoryIncludes: James Brindley, BiographyQuote, Includes: James Brindley, Biography
In 1759 The Duke commissioned Brindley to construct a canal to do just that.
View the Source Dioptra (Wikipedia)
Includes: Dioptra, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Dioptra, Lead section
A dioptra (sometimes also named dioptre or diopter, from Greek: διόπτρα) is a classical astronomical and surveying instrument, dating from the 3rd century BC. The dioptra was a sighting tube or, alternatively, a rod with a sight at both ends, attached to a stand.
View the Source Turnbuckle (Wikipedia)
Includes: Turnbuckle, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Turnbuckle, Lead section
A turnbuckle, stretching screw or bottlescrew is a device for adjusting the tension or length of ropes, cables, tie rods, and other tensioning systems.
View the Source Open Questions (1 open question)
When did civil engineering begin as a distinct discipline: with John Smeaton's 1771 self-designation, or with millennia of unnamed pre-professional practice?
Wikipedia's own civil engineering article calls Smeaton "the first self-proclaimed civil engineer" (1771, Eddystone Lighthouse) while the same article calls the discipline "the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering," reaching back to Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Greek and Roman construction with no professional title attached. Historians differ on whether "civil engineering" names a practice (ancient) or a profession (18th century onward).
What would resolve this A settled historiographical convention on whether "engineering" disciplines are dated from their professional/institutional founding or from the earliest practice they describe; no such family-wide convention exists yet.
Wikipedia contributors, Civil Engineering (Wikipedia)
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